Id-Code: PA 440
Family: Campanulaceae
Origin: Japan and China
Special Features: Low-growing, flowers the first year
History: Introduced by JELITTO PERENNIAL SEEDS in 1989
Colour: Balloon-like inflated buds open into large blue blossoms
Natural Flowering Period: June - August
Winter Hardiness Zones: Z3-8
Growth Habit: Low-growing and bushy
Foliage: Toothed, lanceolate leaves are whorled below and alternate above
Height with Flower: 20 cm (8'')
Spacing between Plants: 25 cm (10'')
Soil Requirement: Well-drained soils, pH 5.8 - 6.8
Location: Full Sun to partial shade
Use: Long-lived perennial well-suited with Campanula portenschlagiana, Coreopsis 'Sterntaler', Eryngium variifolium and Potentilla 'Ron McBeath'
Specialities: Great for the rock garden, containers or window boxes. Fast and easy from seed

Cultural Tips:
Grams per 1000 seeds: 0,714
Seeds per Gram: 1400
Seeding Recommendation: 3 g / 1000 plants
Sowing Rate: 4 seeds per cell
Plug tray recommended size(s): 128 or 288
Germination: Rapidly germinating, keep seed in constant moisture (not wet) with temperatures of about +20°C [68°F]. Seeds must be covered thinly. Keep in cooler conditions after germination occurs. The germination might be slower and more irregular. This poses no problems.

Scheduling:
Best Sowing Dates: Anytime
Sowing to Germination: 2 - 3 weeks
Germination to Transplant: 4 - 6 weeks
Transplanting to Salable Plant: 6 - 8 weeks
Cutting-Back at Transplanting: Not Necessary

Growing On:
Container Size(s): 1-2 plugs per 11/12 cm (4 1/2'')
Vernalization: Some flowering will occur the first year without vernalization, but improved flowering will occur the 2nd year; and 3-10 weeks of cool temperatures might benefit fuller flowering in the first year.
Forcing: There has been no research on 'Zwerg', but an obvious place to experiment - following vernalization - would be raising daytime temperatures to 60° - 65°F (15° - 17°C). Provide 16 hours of continuous lighting. During the short days of winter, provide a night interruption lighting of 4 hours between 10:00 p.m. and 2:00 a.m. Some later flowering species can be forced in 14 - 16 weeks and perhaps sooner at warmer temperatures. Further experiments are warranted with 'Zwerg'.
Fertilization: Medium (150-200 ppm)