Id-Code: AA 106
Family: Ranunculaceae
Origin: Eastern North America
Special Features: Glossy, blood-red berries (poisonous)
Distinction: Award of Garden Merit (A.G.M.) from The Royal Horticultural Society
Colour: Modest flowers, fluffy white or white with a purple tinge
Natural Flowering Period: May - June
Winter Hardiness Zones: Z3-8
Growth Habit: Broad, upright silhouette
Foliage: Pinnate, deep-green leaves
Height with Flower: 35 cm (14'')
Spacing between Plants: 60 cm (24'')
Soil Requirement: Cool, moist soils, pH 5.5 - 6.5
Location: Partial shade
Use: Use in woodland garden along with Astrantia major 'Ruby Cloud', Kirengeshoma palmata, and Ligularia dentata
Specialities: Decorative fruit

Cultural Tips:
Grams per 1000 seeds: 5,882
Seeds per Gram: 170
Seeding Recommendation: 25 g / 1000 plants
Sowing Rate: 4-5 seeds per cell
Plug tray recommended size(s): open flats
Germination: The sowing must be kept warm (about +18 to 22°C) [about 64 to 72°F] and moist for the first 2-4 weeks. After this period the sowing must be kept at a cold temperature (between -4 and +4°C) [between 25 and 39°F] for another 4-6 weeks. It is not so important if the temperature is higher or lower during the cooling period, but the cooling period has to be prolonged because the synthesis of the germination inducer, hormonlike acid, slows down or comes to a standstill. It is beneficial to cover the sowing with snow during the cooling-period. The temperature below it usually keeps in the optimum range of -4 to 0°C [25 to 32°F]. The sowing is kept moist, and the melting snow helps to destroy the shell, which is advantageous for the germinating seedling. After this cooling-period the sowing may not be immediately exposed to high temperatures. The most effective temperatures are between +5 to 12°C [41 to 54°F], even if germination has started. The best location for this sowing, even in March, April and May, is the open field, the cold frame or a cold greenhouse.

Scheduling:
Best Sowing Date: November-March
Sowing to Germination: 8 - 10 weeks
Germination to Transplant: 4 - 8 weeks
Transplanting to salable Plant: 6 - 10 weeks
Cutting-Back at Transplanting: Not necessary

Growing On:
Container Size(s): 1 plug per 8/9 cm (3 1/2''); 1-2 plugs per 11/12 cm (4 1/2'')
Vernalization: A prudent recommendation would be to provide 6-12 weeks at an average daily temperature of 40°F (5°C). Exposure to cold may not be necessary for flowering but might improve quality.
Forcing: This species is not a suitable candidate for forcing.
Fertilization: Medium (150-200 ppm)